What are the biggest challenges facing Centre ValBio?
Maintaining equipment in the rainforest environment is tough. We have to constantly worry about the -80°C freezer that we use in the lab, while computers are sometimes damaged with power surges. The roads are bad and maintaining the cars is always a challenge. Gold miners have recently entered the park and are destroying the wetlands here. It is a challenge to remove them, as they keep returning. We worry about sustainability, as we have to live from grant to grant. We need an endowment to be guaranteed to cover maintenance and salaries over time.
What is it about lemurs that inspired you to dedicate your career to them?
There are many ways that lemurs inspired me. The fact that females lead in lemurs and hold all the political power is definitely an inspiration. Also each species of lemur is extremely specialised - some hibernate for half of their life, some can tolerate a diet containing huge amounts of cyanide, some have interesting social systems such as the day-care system in ruffed lemurs, and some have morphological peculiarities for extractive foraging, like aye-ayes.
Lemurs are also the drivers of the Madagascan ecosystem, and I am interested in their role as main seed dispersers, pollinators and prey for raptors and carnivores. I am also inspired to find out how individuals move from group to group over time, as well as lifetime reproductive success and dimensions of old age in lemurs. Lemurs are beautiful to watch, magnificent acrobats and have intricate vocalisations. They are charming creatures whom I never tire of observing. And just as I answer one scientific question, more spring up.
How did your work help to establish Ranomafana National Park in 1991?
In 1986 i discovered a new species of lemur (Hapalemur aureus, the golden bamboo lemur) and rediscovered another species (Prolemur simus, the greater bamboo lemur). A few months later, logging companies came in to cut down the big precious hardwood trees for exportation. Worried that the lemurs’ habitat would be destroyed, I went to the capital to plead with the Director of Water and Forests to protect the forest. He agreed to establish a national park, providing I find the funds to pay for the demarcation, gazetting and infrastructure of the park.
At first I was shocked, as I was an assistant professor and not trained in setting up a park, nor experienced in large-scale fundraising. But along with representatives from the Department of Water and Forests, my first guides Loret and Emile and my colleague Patrick Daniels, I walked from village to village discussing the possibilities of a park and deciding the boundaries with the village elders. Eventually I managed to secure funding from USAID, the Liz Claiborne and Art Ortenburg Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation and UNESCO’s Man in the Biosphere Programme so that we could do the initial procedures. Ranomafana National Park was inaugurated in 1991 and awarded UNESCO World Heritage Site status in 2007. In 1991 we had very few tourists, but last year the park had over 30,000.